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Bl. Pope John Paul II warned the West of the 'Culture of Death' |
Pope Benedict XVI often lamented, as did Blessed Pope
John Paul II the Culture of Death, a culture endemic in the West that
rejected in principle the dignity of the human person and the sanctity
of human life.
Movement away from 'the Gospel of Life'?
Both
Popes placed this culture in contrast to the Gospel of Life heralded by
the Catholic Church. Benedict XVI was keen to continue this theme in
the Church's mission of evangelisation. For both Popes this formed a
distinct base for Catholic social teaching, recognising that without
adherence to fundamental principles concerning the defence of human
life, marriage and the family, Western society sowed the seeds of its
own destruction. Likewise, Benedict XVI had a desire to place together,
as his predecessor, the politically charged issues of abortion, human
embryology, IVF, divorce, artificial contraception, assisted suicide and
euthanasia, homosexual unions and the modern phenomenom of homosexual
'marriage', as well as other features of modern relationships. The
Church's confrontation of this culture that fails to show respect for
man, made 'in the image and likeness of God', has always brought it
sharp and angry criticism from mass media, politicians and also civil
society.
Pope Francis seems to have abandoned this
confrontational analysis of society's ills, but is it really true that
it has been totally 'dropped'? Perhaps this is not entirely the case
for, instead, Pope Francis has opted to present some of the destructive
evils that confront Western society (and the World as a whole) in a new
light, describing the disposable nature of human life and human dignity
in terms of a 'throwaway culture'. With the rhetorical teaching shift
from attacking the 'culture of death' to the 'throwaway culture', it can
certainly be argued that some hot political and social issues have yet
to be included in the new Pontiff's analysis of what threatens modern
man. It remains mysterious why this should be the case.
Are certain unpopular areas of concern being abandoned?
To
date Pope Francis has not, for example, mentioned human embryology and
IVF, despite the Catholic Church's traditional defence of human life
'from conception to natural death'. On a few occasions, including in his
Apostolic Exhortation, the Successor of St Peter has, however, lamented
abortion as an aspect of a 'throwaway culture'.
Within
this context, he has also mentioned homelessness, poverty, the
loneliness and isolation of the elderly, youth unemployment, the waste
of food and the destruction of the environment and positioned the
'throwaway culture' as an unfortunate feature of modern capitalism. In
actual fact, it would appear that endemic
consumerism is the perhaps the real target of Francis's concern since it is consumerism that fosters our sorrowful tendency to put a
price on human life and dignity.
Pope
Benedict XVI and Blessed Pope John Paul II presented with regularity
the Church's vision of the family. Both were defenders of marriage and
the family, upholding these institutions as bulwarks against
'progressive' strands of thought that taught a new moral relativism, as
well as new (and not so new) ideologies, that saw both marriage and the
family as archaic traditions that either required updating or tearing
down. At the very least, until the pontificate of Francis, the Church
has stood more or less alone against the re-definition of marriage and
in support of the family unit as the fundamental cell - the rock upon
which is built a truly flourishing society.
With the
decision to drop the Church's opposition to the 'culture of death',
while retaining in his denouniciation of the 'throwaway culture', one or
two issues included in the previous papal theme, it would appear not so
much that Francis is an 'emperor without clothing', but that His
Holiness cuts a figure of a man who has made a conscious decision not to
wear
the same clothing as that of his predecessors. This would appear, so far to be true, both
literally and
metaphorically in terms of his teaching.
Will Pope Francis include other divisive aspects of the 'culture of death' in the 'throwaway culture'?
It
remains to be seen whether Francis will decide to include other aspects
of the culture of death that deserve to be placed within the new
context of a throwaway culture. In striving to create a culture of
'solidarity' with the weakest and most vulnerable, as well as a 'culture
of encounter' which stands in opposition to the 'throwaway culture'
there seems to be no objective reason why the issue of euthanasia and
assisted suicide, for example, should not be included, since what kind
of society 'throws out' the sanctity of human life so much that it
wishes to deprive the terminally ill and elderly, sick, weak and infirm
of life itself, for economic or political advantage?
One
can easily see a parallel between the culture of death and a 'throwaway
society' in which human life and the traditional concept of the family
is discarded and dismissed as being without value. How sad it was, then,
to see only
Cardinal Raymond Burke,
who has recently been dismissed from the Congregation for Bishops, as
the only prelate supporting Manif pour Tous, the French-originated
movement in defence of true and natural marriage between one man and one
woman, to the exclusion of all others. Is the defence of marriage in
its sacramental and civil realities something that the new pontificate
is prepared to 'drop' in exchange for a Church that is seen as less
divisive and critical of the modern cultural landscape? Or is this an
aspect of the 'throwaway society' that Pope Francis will come to
critique during his pontificate?
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Last man standing: Cardinal Burke at Rome's 'Manif pour Tous' |
Crisis Magazine's Arland
K. Nichols recently criticised the very same 'throwaway culture' with
regard to 'reproductive medicine'. Again, only in a society in which
consumerism is so rampant and respect for human life is so disregarded,
could that same society tolerate the destruction of so many human
embryos in IVF, each one a
human life. Human embryology,
as this report from China shows, puts a definitive price on human life and always degrades and destroys human life in the process.
Divorce,
also, is now so frequent that modern society is creating a new
generation of children for whom stable and loving homes and families
will be alien concepts never, or rarely experienced by the majority.
Studies have shown the destruction caused by separation and particularly
divorce to children of parents who do so, with the vast majority of
prisoners and young offenders coming from homes that are tragically
'broken'.
Studies have also shown the psychological
damage done to children of homes in which mothers and fathers break the
bonds of marriage. In each case, the family unit, as well as the bond of
love between husband and wife have been 'throw away'. The lives of
co-habiting couples have been shown to be
particularly vulnerable
to marriage break-up later on. Homosexual and lesbian 'unions' threaten
the very understanding of marriage that underpins Western civilization,
a trend that could see the family itself being redefined, with the
time-tested, natural family being seen as merely an 'option' among other
'options'. These unions also 'throw-away' the natural rights of
children to mothers and fathers, rather than a restrictive replacement
for paternal and maternal care, as well as their rights to natural human
development in the context of a loving home in which natural, healthy,
human relationships are lived out daily. Forms of artificial
contraception are known to kill nascent human life in its earliest
stage, with human embryos being thrown or even 'flushed' away.
The Church in Temptation
It
would be a great shame and a poisonous temptation for the Catholic
Church in the modern era to fail to speak out in defence of human life,
human dignity, natural marriage and the family in exchange for a new
relationship with the World that permitted greater respect for the
Church so long as She remains silent on certain issues, or fails to
uphold the Truth of Her Infallible Teachings on issues that touch upon
the life of every man, every woman and every child, born and unborn, in
the 21st century. A new Pope has created a new dynamic and a new
understanding in a 'Brave New World'. Will Francis be brave enough,
however, to hold fast to the determined and heroic efforts made by his
predecessors to uphold the dignity of human life as well as those
institutions and concepts that safeguard each and every generation from
the one to the next?
There is no doubt that those
social evils mentioned by Francis deserve to be placed in his new theme
of the 'throwaway' culture, but the Church stands traditionally in
defence of
all human life, as well as the family which nurtures
and protects it. We should pray, and earnestly so, that His Holiness
Pope Francis includes all at risk from the consumerism that threatens to
reshape mankind along economic principles only and that sees both man,
woman and child as items, products which can become so easily regarded
as disposable. It would surely be a scandal, in the face of such trends,
for the Church and especially the Pope, to remain silent.